Federal statutes, state laws and the FTC make the CIPP/US a broad exam. Here is what each domain asks, how long a beginner needs, how the questions work and what four routes to readiness cost.

The CIPM asks how you run a privacy programme. Here is what each of its six domains covers, how long a beginner needs, how the questions work and what four routes to readiness cost.

The IAPP’s new AI Specialist, Legal (AISL) certification launches in January 2027. What the draft covers, what is still unknown, who should take it and why EU lawyers should read it carefully.

The CIPT asks how privacy works inside systems. Here is what each of its five domains covers, how long a beginner needs, how the questions work and what four routes to readiness cost.

The CIPP/E in 2026: what each of the five domains asks, where candidates lose marks, how long a beginner needs, and what four routes to readiness cost, with sources and dates.

AIGP study guide for 2026: the four domains, exam rules, books, practice exams and what four routes to readiness cost.

22Academy version 2 is days away. This is why it exists: a failed exam in 2017, an afternoon with ChatGPT in 2022, and the conviction that certification should not cost a month’s salary.

A fitness tracker holds more health information than a dentist and answers to a different regulator. This piece sets out the three categories of covered entity, what makes a business associate, and which federal rule reaches the apps HIPAA never did.

Public, internal, confidential, restricted. Four labels, applied once, and nothing downstream changes. A federal standard shows the alternative: rate impact separately across three objectives, take the highest, and let that decide the controls.